Mainjiniya emagetsi anowanzo kutarisana nedambudziko rekuona huwandu hwakakwana hwezvikamu zvePCB dhizaini.Zviri nani here kushandisa mamwe maraya kana mashoma mashoma?Iwe unoita sei sarudzo pahuwandu hwezvikamu zvePCB?
1.Ko PCB layer inorevei?
Zvikamu zvePCB zvinoreva zvidimbu zvemhangura zvakanamirwa ne substrate.Kunze kwe-single-layer PCBs inongova nemhangura imwe chete, ese maPCB ane maviri kana anopfuura akaturikidzana ane kunyange nhamba yezvikamu.Izvo zvikamu zvinotengeswa pane yekunze dhizaini, nepo mamwe maseru anoshanda senge wiring connections.Nekudaro, mamwe maPCB akakwira-magumo anozoisawo zvikamu mukati memukati mezvikamu.
PCBs anoshandiswa kugadzira zvakasiyana siyana zvemagetsi uye michina mumaindasitiri akasiyana, akadai semagetsi evatengi, mota, nharembozha, ndege, mauto, uye zvekurapa.
maindasitiri.Huwandu hwezvikamu uye saizi yeimwe bhodhi inosarudza simba uye kugona kwePCB.Sezvo nhamba yezvikamu zvinowedzera, ndizvo zvinoitawo kushanda.
2.How Kuziva Nhamba PCB Layers?
Pakusarudza nhamba yakakodzera yezvikamu zvePCB, zvakakosha kuti titarise mabhenefiti ekushandisa akawanda akaturikidzana maringe nemwero kana maviri.Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodikanwawo kufunga zvakanakira kushandisa imwe dhizaini dhizaini inopesana neiyo yeakawanda magadzirirwo.Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kuongororwa kubva pamaonero mashanu anotevera:
2-1.PCB ichashandiswa kupi?
Paunenge uchitarisa zvakatemwa zvePCB bhodhi, zvakakosha kuti utarise muchina wakanangwa kana michina iyo PCB ichashandiswa mairi, pamwe chete nezvinodiwa bhodhi redunhu zvinodiwa zvemidziyo yakadaro.Izvi zvinosanganisira kuona kana bhodhi rePCB richizoshandiswa muhunyanzvi uye
zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakaomarara, kana mune zvigadzirwa zviri nyore zvine basa rekutanga.
2-2.Ndeipi frequency yekushanda inodiwa kuPCB?
Iyo nyaya yekushanda frequency inoda kutariswa paunenge uchigadzira PCB sezvo iyi parameter inotaridza kushanda uye kugona kwePCB.Kuti uwedzere kumhanya uye kugona kushanda, akawanda-layer PCB akakosha.
2-3. Ndeipi bhajeti yeprojekiti?
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa imitengo yekugadzira imwe chete
uye yakapetwa kaviri PCBs inopesana ne-multi-layer PCBs.Kana iwe uchida PCB ine hupamhi hwepamusoro sezvinobvira, mutengo unozove wakakwira zvakanyanya.
Vamwe vanhu vanobvunza nezve hukama pakati pehuwandu hwezvikamu muPCB nemutengo wayo.Kazhinji, iyo PCB yakawanda ine maseru, inokwira mutengo wayo.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kugadzira uye kugadzira akawanda-layer PCB kunotora nguva yakareba uye nekudaro kunodhura zvakanyanya.Chati iri pazasi inoratidza avhareji mutengo weakawanda-layer PCBs kune vatatu vakasiyana vagadziri pasi peanotevera mamiriro:
PCB odha yakawanda: 100;
PCB saizi: 400mm x 200mm;
Nhamba yezvikamu: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.
Iyo chati inoratidza avhareji mutengo wePCBs kubva kumakambani matatu akasiyana, isingasanganisire mutengo wekutumira.Mutengo wePCB unogona kuongororwa uchishandisa PCB quotation mawebhusaiti, ayo anotendera iwe kuti usarudze akasiyana paramita senge conductor mhando, saizi, huwandu, uye huwandu hwezvikamu.Iyi chati inongopa pfungwa yakajairika yeavhareji PCB mitengo kubva kune vatatu vagadziri, uye mitengo inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwematehwe.Mari yekutumira haina kubatanidzwa.Macalculator anoshanda anowanikwa online, akapihwa nevagadziri vega kuti vabatsire vatengi kuongorora mutengo wemaseketi avo akadhindwa zvichibva pane akasiyana paramita senge conductor mhando, saizi, huwandu, huwandu hwematanho, insulation zvinhu, ukobvu, nezvimwe.
2-4.Ndeipi inodikanwa nguva yekuendesa yePCB?
Nguva yekutumira inoreva nguva inotora kugadzira uye kuendesa single/double/multilayer PCBs.Paunenge uchida kuburitsa huwandu hukuru hwePCBs, nguva yekuendesa inoda kuverengerwa.Iyo nguva yekutumira ye single/double/multilayer PCBs inosiyana uye zvinoenderana nehukuru hwenzvimbo yePCB.Zvechokwadi, kana iwe uchida kushandisa mari yakawanda, nguva yekuendesa inogona kupfupiswa.
2-5.Ndeipi density uye chiratidzo chechiratidzo chinodiwa nePCB?
Huwandu hwezvikamu muPCB zvinoenderana nepini density uye masignal layer.Semuyenzaniso, pini density ye1.0 inoda 2 masiginecha akaturikidzana, uye sezvo pini density inodzikira, huwandu hwematanho anodiwa huchawedzera.Kana iyo pini density iri 0.2 kana pasi, angangoita gumi akaturikidzana ePCB anodiwa.
3.Zvakanakira Different PCB Layers - Single-layer/Double-layer/Multi-layer.
3-1.Single-layer PCB
Kuvakwa kwe-single-layer PCB kuri nyore, kunosanganisira chikamu chimwe chete cheakatsikirirwa uye akakwenenzverwa zvidimbu zvemagetsi conductive zvinhu.Mutsara wekutanga wakafukidzwa neplate yemhangura, uye ipapo solder-resist layer inoshandiswa.Iyo dhayagiramu yeimwe-layer PCB inowanzoratidza mitsetse mitatu ine mavara inomiririra dhizaini uye maviri anovhara akaturikidzana - grey kune dielectric layer pachayo, yebrown kune ndiro yemhangura-yakapfeka, uye yegirini kune solder-resist layer.
Zvakanakira:
● Mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira, kunyanya kugadzirwa kwemagetsi evatengi, iyo ine mutengo wakakwira.
● Gungano rezvikamu, kuchera, kutengesa, uye kuisa zviri nyore, uye nzira yekugadzira haigoni kusangana nematambudziko.
● Upfumi uye unokodzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda.
● Ideal choice for low-density designs.
Applications:
● Basic calculator inoshandisa single-layer PCBs.
● Maredhiyo, akadai semaaramu eredhiyo ane mutengo wakaderera muzvitoro zvinotengeswa, anowanzoshandisa maPCB ane layer imwe chete.
● Michina yekofi inowanzoshandisa maPCB ane-layer imwe chete.
● Mimwe midziyo yemumba inoshandisa maPCB ane layer imwe chete.
3-2.Kaviri-layer PCB
Kaviri-layer PCB ine maviri akaturikidzana emhangura plating ine insulating layer pakati.Zvikamu zvakaiswa pamativi ese ebhodhi, ndosaka ichinzi zvakare maviri-mativi PCB.Iwo anogadzirwa nekubatanidza maviri akaturikidzana emhangura pamwe chete nedielectric zvinhu pakati, uye divi rega rega remhangura rinogona kutumira masaini akasiyana emagetsi.Iwo akakodzera maapplication anoda kumhanya kukuru uye compact packaging.
Zviratidzo zvemagetsi zvinofambiswa pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvemhangura, uye dielectric zvinhu pakati pazvo zvinobatsira kudzivirira zviratidzo izvi kubva pakukanganisa.Iyo kaviri-layer PCB ndiyo yakajairika uye inehupfumi redunhu bhodhi kugadzira.
Kaviri-layer PCBs akafanana ne-single-layer PCBs, asi iine inverted yepasi yakaratidzwa hafu.Paunenge uchishandisa kaviri-layer PCBs, iyo dielectric layer yakakora kupfuura yeimwe-layer PCBs.Pamusoro pezvo, kune kuputirwa kwemhangura pamativi ese epamusoro uye ezasi eiyo dielectric zvinhu.Uyezve, kumusoro uye pasi pebhodi laminated yakafukidzwa ne solder resist layer.
Iyo dhayagiramu yePCB ine-double-layer inowanzoita sesangweji rine mitsara mitatu, ine grey gobvu pakati inomiririra dielectric, mitsetse yebrown pamitsetse yepamusoro nepazasi inomiririra mhangura, uye mitsetse yakasvibira yakatetepa kumusoro nepasi. inomiririra solder resist layer.
Zvakanakira:
● Flexible design inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvigadziri.
● Chimiro chemutengo wakaderera chinoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirwa kwehuwandu.
● Magadzirirwo ari nyore.
● Ukuru huduku hwakakodzera midziyo yakasiyana-siyana.
Applications:
Kaviri-layer PCBs inokodzera huwandu hwakawanda hwezvakareruka uye zvakaoma zvemagetsi zvishandiso.Mienzaniso yemidziyo inogadzirwa-yakawanda inoratidzira kaviri-layer PCBs inosanganisira:
● HVAC units, kudziyisa kwekugara uye masisitimu ekutonhodza kubva kumhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvese zvinosanganisira maviri-layer akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi.
● Amplifiers, ma-double-layer PCB ane zvikamu zveamplifier zvinoshandiswa nevaimbi vakawanda.
● Madhinda, maperipheral emakombuta akasiyana-siyana anovimba nemaPCB ane mativi maviri.
3-3.ina-layer PCB
A 4-layer PCB ibhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa rine mana conductive layer: kumusoro, maviri emukati akaturikidzana, uye pasi.Iwo maviri emukati akaturikidzana ndiwo musimboti, unowanzo shandiswa sesimba kana ndege yepasi, nepo ekunze kumusoro nepasi akaturikidzana anoshandiswa kuisa zvikamu uye masaini ekufambisa.
Iwo ekunze akaturikidzana anowanzo kufukidzwa ne solder resist layer nemapedhi akafumurwa kuti ape nzvimbo dzekuisa dzekubatanidza pamusoro-akaiswa midziyo uye kuburikidza-buri-maburi.Kuburikidza-maburi anowanzo shandiswa kupa hukama pakati pezvikamu zvina, izvo zvakanamirwa pamwe chete kuita bhodhi.
Heino kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu izvi:
- Layer 1: Pazasi layer, kazhinji yakagadzirwa nemhangura.Inoshanda senheyo yebhodhi rose redunhu, ichipa rubatsiro kune mamwe mapeji.
- Layer 2: Simba layer.Inodanwa nenzira iyi nekuti inopa simba rakachena uye rakagadzikana kune zvese zvikamu zviri padunhu redunhu.
- Layer 3: Ground plane layer, inoshanda sepasi sosi yezvinhu zvese zviri pabhodhi redunhu.
- Layer 4: Yepamusoro dhizaini inoshandiswa kune masaini masaini uye nekupa mapoinzi ekubatanidza ezvikamu.
Mune 4-layer PCB dhizaini, 4 mhangura mitsetse inopatsanurwa ne 3 akaturikidzana emukati dielectric uye anonamirwa kumusoro uye pasi ne solder resist layer.Kazhinji, iyo dhizaini mitemo ye4-layer PCBs inoratidzwa uchishandisa 9 trace uye 3 mavara - brown yemhangura, grey yepakati uye prepreg, uye yegirini kune solder kuramba.
Zvakanakira:
● Durability - Four-layer PCBs dzakasimba kudarika single-layer uye double-layer board.
● Compact size - Iyo diki dhizaini yechina-layer PCBs inogona kukwana huwandu hwakawanda hwemidziyo.
●Flexibility - Four-layer PCBs inogona kushanda mumhando dzakawanda dzezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, kusanganisira zviri nyore uye zvakaoma.
● Chengetedzo - Nekugadzirisa zvakanaka simba nepasi pasi, mana-layer PCBs anogona kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwemagetsi.
● Huremu huremu - Midziyo ine maPCB ane mana-layer inoda wiring yemukati shoma, saka inowanzoreruka pakurema.
Applications:
● Satellite Systems - Multi-layer PCBs akashongedzerwa ari orbiting satellites.
● Handheld Devices - MaSmartphones nemapiritsi anowanzo kuve ane mana-layer PCB.
● Space Exploration Equipment - Multi-layer akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi anopa simba kumidziyo yekuongorora nzvimbo.
3-4.6 akaturikidzana pcb
A 6-layer PCB inonyanya 4-layer board ine maviri ekuwedzera masignal layer akawedzerwa pakati pendege.Yakajairwa 6-layer PCB stackup inosanganisira 4 routing akaturikidzana (maviri ekunze uye maviri emukati) uye 2 ndege dzemukati (imwe yepasi uye imwe yesimba).
Kupa 2 mukati mezvikamu zve-high-speed signals uye 2 kunze kwezvikamu zvepasi-speed zviratidzo zvinonyanya kuwedzera EMI (electromagnetic interference).EMI isimba rezviratidzo mukati memidziyo yemagetsi iri kukanganiswa nemwaranzi kana induction.
Pane hurongwa hwakasiyana-siyana hwekumisikidzwa kwe6-layer PCB, asi huwandu hwesimba, chiratidzo, uye pasi pevhu rinoshandiswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa.
Iyo yakajairwa 6-layer PCB stackup inosanganisira yepamusoro layer - prepreg - yemukati yepasi layer - musimboti - yemukati routing layer - prepreg - yemukati routing layer - core - yemukati simba layer - prepreg - yezasi layer.
Kunyangwe ichi chiri chigadziriso chakajairwa, chingave chisina kukodzera kune ese maPCB magadzirirwo, uye zvingave zvakafanira kumisazve maseru kana kuve neakawanda akaturikidzana.Nekudaro, kushanda kwewaya uye kuderedzwa kwecrosstalk kunofanirwa kutariswa kana uchiaisa.
Zvakanakira:
● Simba - Six-layer PCBs dzakakora kudarika dzakatetepa dzakatangira uye naizvozvo dzakasimba.
● Compactness - Mabhodhi ane zvidimbu zvitanhatu zveukobvu uhwu ane hunyanzvi hwekuita uye anogona kushandisa upamhi hushoma.
● Huwandu hwepamusoro - Matanhanhatu kana anopfuura maPCB anopa simba rakakwana rezvishandiso zvemagetsi uye anoderedza zvakanyanya mukana wekupindirana kwemuchinjika nemagetsi.
Applications:
● Makomputa - 6-layer PCBs akabatsira kufambisa kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwemakomputa emunhu, achiita kuti awedzere kusimba, kureruka, uye nekukurumidza.
● Chengetedzo yedata - Kukwirira kwePCBs-nhanhatu kwaita kuti midziyo yekuchengetedza data iwande mukati memakore gumi apfuura.
● Moto alarm systems - Uchishandisa 6 kana kupfuura mabhodhi ematunhu, maalarm systems anove akanyatsojeka panguva yekuona njodzi chaiyo.
Sezvo nhamba yezvikamu mubhodhi rakadhindwa redunhu rinowedzera kupfuura yechina uye yechitanhatu, yakawanda conductive mhangura yemhangura uye dielectric zvinhu zvinyorwa zvinowedzerwa kune stackup.
Semuenzaniso, sere-layer PCB ine ndege ina uye ina chiratidzo chemhangura akaturikidzana - masere pamwero - akabatanidzwa nemitsara minomwe yezvinhu zvedielectric.Iyo sere-layer stackup yakavharwa ne dielectric solder mask layer kumusoro uye pasi.Chaizvoizvo, iyo sere-layer PCB stackup yakafanana neye matanhatu-layer, asi ine yakawedzerwa peya yemhangura uye prepreg column.
Shenzhen ANKE PCB Co., LTD
2023-6-17
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-26-2023
